{
  "name": "Maximum temperature by material: alumina, mullite, quartz, zirconia, silicon carbide and sheath metals",
  "description": "28 published maximum temperatures (°C) for tube and sheath materials, each with its condition (continuous, in air, under vacuum, in inert gas) and whose figure it is: Morgan Haldenwanger, Precision Ceramics, the DIN 43724 table as reproduced by Morgan, the Brevier (DIN EN 60672), WIKA, Rössel, Nabertherm, Heraeus, MTI and Omega, plus the two GY Alumina material-table rows.",
  "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/",
  "credit": "Source: GY Alumina (gyalumina.com), CC BY 4.0",
  "creator": "GY Alumina",
  "url": "https://gyalumina.com/resources#data-max-temperature",
  "guide": "https://gyalumina.com/guides/alumina-maximum-temperature#by-material",
  "dateModified": "2026-10-16",
  "columns": [
    {
      "key": "group",
      "description": "Material group"
    },
    {
      "key": "material",
      "description": "Material or part"
    },
    {
      "key": "max_c",
      "description": "Maximum temperature, °C (\" / \" separates figures for the conditions listed in the same order)"
    },
    {
      "key": "condition",
      "description": "Condition the figure applies to"
    },
    {
      "key": "whose_figure",
      "description": "Who publishes the figure"
    }
  ],
  "rows": [
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Alumina, C 799 (Morgan’s material)",
      "max_c": "1,800",
      "condition": "Working temperature; also load-bearing elements",
      "whose_figure": "Morgan Haldenwanger"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Alumina (CeramAlox)",
      "max_c": "1,700",
      "condition": "In air, no load",
      "whose_figure": "Precision Ceramics"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Alumina class C 799 (>99%)",
      "max_c": "1,400–1,700",
      "condition": "Max. use temperature of the class",
      "whose_figure": "Brevier, DIN EN 60672"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "C 799 protection tube",
      "max_c": "1,600",
      "condition": "Continuous; usable",
      "whose_figure": "DIN 43724 table (Morgan); WIKA; Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Alumina class C 795 (95–99%)",
      "max_c": "1,400–1,500",
      "condition": "Max. use temperature of the class",
      "whose_figure": "Brevier, DIN EN 60672"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Alumina class C 786 (86–95%)",
      "max_c": "1,400",
      "condition": "Max. use temperature of the class",
      "whose_figure": "Brevier, DIN EN 60672"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Our C799 alumina (corundum)",
      "max_c": "1,600–1,800",
      "condition": "Working temperature, confirmed per part",
      "whose_figure": "GY Alumina material table"
    },
    {
      "group": "Alumina",
      "material": "Our high-alumina ceramic, >85% Al₂O₃",
      "max_c": "1,300–1,450",
      "condition": "Working temperature, confirmed per part",
      "whose_figure": "GY Alumina material table"
    },
    {
      "group": "Mullite and aluminium silicate",
      "material": "Mullite classes C 610 and C 620",
      "max_c": "1,200",
      "condition": "Max. use temperature of the class",
      "whose_figure": "Brevier, DIN EN 60672"
    },
    {
      "group": "Mullite and aluminium silicate",
      "material": "C 610 protection tube",
      "max_c": "1,400 / 1,500 / 1,600",
      "condition": "Continuous / usable / max. use",
      "whose_figure": "DIN 43724 table (Morgan) / WIKA / Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Mullite and aluminium silicate",
      "material": "C 610 furnace work tube",
      "max_c": "1,400 / 1,200",
      "condition": "In air / under vacuum",
      "whose_figure": "Nabertherm"
    },
    {
      "group": "Mullite and aluminium silicate",
      "material": "C 530 porous aluminium silicate",
      "max_c": "1,350 / 1,500 / 1,600",
      "condition": "Continuous / max. use / outer tube over a gas-tight inner tube",
      "whose_figure": "DIN 43724 table (Morgan) / Rössel / WIKA"
    },
    {
      "group": "Quartz (fused silica)",
      "material": "Electrically fused quartz",
      "max_c": "1,160 / 1,300",
      "condition": "Continuous / short-term",
      "whose_figure": "Heraeus"
    },
    {
      "group": "Quartz (fused silica)",
      "material": "Quartz glass furnace work tube",
      "max_c": "1,100 / 950",
      "condition": "In air / under vacuum",
      "whose_figure": "Nabertherm"
    },
    {
      "group": "Quartz (fused silica)",
      "material": "Quartz tube",
      "max_c": "1,200 / 1,000",
      "condition": "Maximum / vacuum only below",
      "whose_figure": "MTI"
    },
    {
      "group": "Zirconia",
      "material": "Zirconia, Ultra Tough grades",
      "max_c": "800 / 1,500",
      "condition": "In air / in inert gas, no load",
      "whose_figure": "Precision Ceramics"
    },
    {
      "group": "Zirconia",
      "material": "Zirconia, 3YZ and Nano HIP",
      "max_c": "800 / 1,000",
      "condition": "In air / in inert gas, no load",
      "whose_figure": "Precision Ceramics"
    },
    {
      "group": "Silicon carbide",
      "material": "Silicon carbide, CeramaSil-C",
      "max_c": "1,200 / 1,900",
      "condition": "In air / in inert gas, no load",
      "whose_figure": "Precision Ceramics"
    },
    {
      "group": "Silicon carbide",
      "material": "SiC tube, gas-tight, 8–12% free silicon",
      "max_c": "1,300",
      "condition": "Max. use temperature",
      "whose_figure": "Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Silicon carbide",
      "material": "SiC tube, porous",
      "max_c": "1,600; 2,000",
      "condition": "Max. use; under protective gas or vacuum",
      "whose_figure": "Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Carbon steel 1.0305",
      "max_c": "550 / 900",
      "condition": "In air / max. use",
      "whose_figure": "WIKA / Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Stainless 1.4571 (316Ti)",
      "max_c": "800",
      "condition": "In air; max. use",
      "whose_figure": "WIKA; Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "304 stainless (MI sheath)",
      "max_c": "871",
      "condition": "Cyclic processes",
      "whose_figure": "Omega"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "310 stainless (MI sheath)",
      "max_c": "1,038",
      "condition": "Resists scaling up to",
      "whose_figure": "Omega"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Heat-resisting steel 1.4841 (310 / 314)",
      "max_c": "1,150 / 1,200",
      "condition": "In air / max. use",
      "whose_figure": "WIKA / Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Heat-resisting steel 1.4749 (446)",
      "max_c": "1,150 / 1,100",
      "condition": "In air / max. use",
      "whose_figure": "WIKA / Rössel"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Inconel 600 (MI sheath)",
      "max_c": "1,149",
      "condition": "Temperature limit",
      "whose_figure": "Omega"
    },
    {
      "group": "Sheath and tube metals",
      "material": "Heat-resisting steel 1.4762",
      "max_c": "1,200",
      "condition": "In air; max. use",
      "whose_figure": "WIKA; Rössel"
    }
  ]
}